Which two American nursing leaders recognized the inconsistent quality of nursing care and the need for licensure to protect the public, and whose era saw a resolution by the International Council of Nurses?

Which two American nursing leaders recognized the inconsistent quality of nursing care and the need for licensure to protect the public, and whose era saw a resolution by the International Council of Nurses?

• A. Lillian Wald and Annie Goodrich
• B. Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole
• C. Lavinia Dock and Isabel Maitland Stewart
• D. Margaret Sanger and Clarissa Harlowe Barton

Answer: (A)

The key idea here is the push to professionalize nursing through standards and licensure to protect the public, with international alignment through the ICN. Lillian Wald’s work with Henry Street Settlement placed public health nursing at the forefront and highlighted how care quality varied for different groups; she argued that nursing practice should be regulated so that patients receive competent, safe care. Annie Goodrich was a leading nursing educator and administrator who directly pushed for higher educational standards and licensure, helping to establish regulated entry into the profession. Their careers align with the era when the International Council of Nurses moved toward formal, international agreements on nursing licensure and standards, signaling a global move to ensure consistent, quality care. While other pioneers contributed to nursing reform, this pair is the best fit for recognizing inconsistent care quality and the need for licensure within the ICN-era push.

The key idea here is the push to professionalize nursing through standards and licensure to protect the public, with international alignment through the ICN. Lillian Wald’s work with Henry Street Settlement placed public health nursing at the forefront and highlighted how care quality varied for different groups; she argued that nursing practice should be regulated so that patients receive competent, safe care. Annie Goodrich was a leading nursing educator and administrator who directly pushed for higher educational standards and licensure, helping to establish regulated entry into the profession. Their careers align with the era when the International Council of Nurses moved toward formal, international agreements on nursing licensure and standards, signaling a global move to ensure consistent, quality care. While other pioneers contributed to nursing reform, this pair is the best fit for recognizing inconsistent care quality and the need for licensure within the ICN-era push.